Redox Photochemistry of Methionine by Sulfur K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Potential Implications for Cataract Formation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The photochemistry of methionine, methionine sulfoxide, and methionine sulfone have been investigated by using sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy to explore the redox photochemical processes under different conditions. Methionine is easily photooxidized to the sulfoxide and the sulfone in the presence of dioxygen. In the absence of oxidant, photoirradiation leads to the one-electron-oxidized cation radical with no further reaction, suggesting that an alternative mechanism for photooxidation of thioethers through direct oxidation is feasible. The photochemistry of methionine sulfoxide allows for independent oxidative and reductive processes. Photoreduction of the sulfoxide leads back to the parent thioether under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Photooxidation occurs only under aerobic conditions. In contrast, methionine sulfone is photochemically inert. These results provide new insights into potential photochemical processes that may lead to cataract formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".