Hot-carrier effects on radio frequency noise characteristics of LDD <i>n</i>-type metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hot-carrier damage is a major issue in the long-term reliability of metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). Hot-carrier induced damages have been shown to degrade various MOSFET characteristics—threshold voltage, channel charge mobility, parasitic drain and source resistances, and parasitic drain capacitance. The degradation induces changes in the small-signal s parameters of MOSFETs. Further experimental results indicate that such damages also degrade the radio frequency (rf) noise characteristics of a LLD n-type MOSFET (NMOSFET). The minimum noise figure (NFmin) and the normalized noise resistance (rn)–two key noise parameters—increase due to hot-carrier stress. The optimal reflection coefficient (Γopt) versus frequency curve also changes with increase stressing. The degradation in the rf noise characteristics of the LDD NMOSFET implies a serious issue in designing reliable, low-noise rf circuits with MOSFETs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".