Lignan-rich sesame seed negates the tumor-inhibitory effect of tamoxifen but maintains bone health in a postmenopausal athymic mouse model with estrogen-responsive breast tumors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Objective: Flaxseed, the richest source of mammalian lignan precursors, enhances the tumor growth-inhibitory effect of tamoxifen while exerting no adverse effects on other estrogen-responsive tissues such as bone. Ingestion of sesame seed produces mammalian lignans comparable with flaxseed, but its anticancer potential is unknown. This study determined the interactive effects of sesame seed and tamoxifen on established MCF-7 tumor growth and bone health in ovariectomized athymic mice simulating a postmenopausal condition. Design: Mice with established MCF-7 tumors were treated for 8 weeks with (1) basal diet (negative control), (2) 10% sesame seed, (3) basal diet + tamoxifen implant, (4) 10% sesame seed + tamoxifen implant, or (5) basal diet + estrogen implant (positive control). Weekly palpable tumor size, final tumor weight, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were measured. Bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and biomechanical strength testing were performed on the femur and lumbar vertebrae. Results: Sesame seed induced regression of established tumor size similar to the negative control but tended to negate the tumor-inhibitory effect of tamoxifen, in part by reducing apoptosis. Sesame seed combined with tamoxifen induced higher bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and biomechanical strength in the femur and lumbar vertebrae than either treatment alone. A significant positive relationship was found between final tumor weight and bone strength parameters. Conclusions: Sesame seed is not protective and negatively interferes with tamoxifen in inducing regression of established MCF-7 tumor size but beneficially interacts with tamoxifen on bone in ovariectomized athymic mice. Lignan-rich flaxseed protects against breast cancer and enhances the tumor-inhibitory effect of the breast cancer drug tamoxifen while exerting no adverse effects on estrogen-sensitive tissues such as the bone. This study showed for the first time that lignan-rich sesame seed is not protective and negatively interferes with tamoxifen in ovariectomized athymic mice with established MCF-7 tumors, but enhances the protective effect of tamoxifen on bone health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".