Observed and calculated load-settlement relationship in a sandy gravel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to obtain a better understanding of the nonlinear stress-strain behavior of the typical gravel of Santiago, Chile, due to the increasing needs for construction of high-rise buildings, multilevel underground constructions, and new subway lines to be built under historical city landmarks. A finite-element computer program to perform incremental stress-strain analyses of soils was developed on the basis of a modified version of the hyperbolic elastic model. The changes herein proposed to this well-known constitutive model were based on triaxial tests carried out on 150 mm diameter specimens of compacted sandy gravels which involved various stress paths. A comparison was performed between the observed and calculated load-settlement relationship in a plate-load test that included unloading-reloading cycles. From the good agreement obtained it is concluded that the modified version of the hyperbolic model proposed represents reasonably well the behavior of the Santiago gravel.Key words: constitutive relations, finite-element model, laboratory tests, field tests, soil properties, case history.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".