Explosive formation of coherent particle jets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A coherent jet of particles may be generated by accelerating a conical volume of particles by detonating a layer of explosive lining the outside of the cone. Experiments have been carried out to determine the dependence of the velocity history and coherency of the jet on the particle properties and the ratio of the masses of the particles and explosive. Steel particles form thin, coherent jets, whereas lighter glass particles lead to more diffuse jets. For steel particles, the cone angle had little effect on the coherency of the jet. The efficiency of the conversion of chemical to kinetic energy is explored by comparing the experimental jet velocity with the velocity predicted from a formulation of the Gurney method for a conical geometry. The effect of particle density and cone angle on the jet formation and development was also investigated using a multimaterial hydrocode. The simulations give insight into the extent of the deformation of the particle bed in the early stages of explosive particle dispersal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".