Cardiac and vascular fibrosis and hypertrophy in aldosterone-infused rats: role of endothelin-1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) or aldosterone may be associated with promotion of cardiovascular hypertrophy and fibrosis. We evaluated whether the selective ETA receptor-antagonist BMS 182874 (BMS) prevents cardiac and vascular collagen deposition and hypertrophy in aldosterone-infused rats. Rats received subcutaneous aldosterone (0.75 microg/h) and 1% sodium chloride in drinking water +/- BMS (40 mg/kg per day in food) for 6 weeks. Heart and aorta were cross-sectioned and stained with Sirius red. Heart weight did not change with either aldosterone infusion or BMS treatment. Cardiac and aortic interstitial and perivascular collagen were quantified with videomorphometry. Aortic collagen and media cross-sectional area were significantly increased 3.5-fold (P < .01) and 1.13-fold (P < .05), respectively, with aldosterone infusion and decreased in BMS-treated rats (P < .05, P < .001, respectively). Aldosterone infusion increased interstitial and perivascular collagen in the left (1.6- and 2.7-fold, P < .05 and P < .01, respectively) and right ventricle (1.5- and 1.7-fold, P > .05 and P < .05, respectively). BMS prevented collagen deposition except for interstitial collagen in the right ventricle. Cardiac and aortic fibrosis were significantly increased in aldosterone-infused hypertensive rats. The ETA receptor antagonist prevented cardiac and aortic collagen deposition and aortic hypertrophy. This suggests a role for ET-1 in fibrosis of heart and large vessels in conditions associated with mineralocorticoid excess.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".