A Meta-Analysis of the Neuropsychological Effects of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Treatment in Women Treated for Breast Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given the improvement in mortality rates associated with breast cancer, the importance of understanding the long-term neuropsychological consequences of chemotherapy is becoming increasingly vital. This study applies meta-analytic techniques to the scant literature on the relationship between contemporary adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer and cognitive dysfunction as examined through neuropsychological indices. Seven studies (involving more than 300 participants) were selected from over 200 potential articles, based on three inclusion criteria: presence of breast cancer, administration of chemotherapy treatment, and use of neuropsychological tests. From these, nine treatment-control comparisons were used to generate 129 Hedge's d effect sizes across the cognitive domains of simple attention, working memory short- and long-term memory, speed of processing, language, spatial abilities, and motor function. Small to medium cumulative effect sizes, showing diminished cognitive function for chemotherapy treatment groups compared to control groups, were obtained for each of the eight cognitive domains. Overall, these results suggest that women who undergo adjuvant chemotherapy as treatment for breast cancer may experience subtle yet consequential cognitive decline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.018 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".