Bullying and Being Bullied: To What Extent Are Bullies Also Victims?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the victim-bully cycle in middle school and to identify student and school characteristics that contributed to the cycle of bullying, using cross-sectional data from the New Brunswick School Climate Study (N = 6,883 in grade 6 and N = 6,868 in grade 8). The results of a multivariate, multilevel analysis clearly indicated that the relationship of bully to victim was reciprocal. At the student level, gender, affective condition, and physical condition contributed to the victim-bully cycle in both grades. The number of siblings contributed to the cycle of bullying in grade 8. Gender, affective condition, and the number of siblings were more characteristics of bullies than victims, whereas physical condition was more a characteristic of victims than bullies. The victim-bully cycle at the school level has rarely been reported in the literature. This study suggests that the cycle of bullying was present in several aspects of school life. School size and discipline climate contributed to the victim-bully cycle in both grades. Parental involvement contributed to the cycle of bullying in grade 6, whereas academic press contributed to the cycle of bullying in grade 8. Although discipline climate both helped victims and discouraged bullies, parental involvement and academic press discouraged bullies more than helped victims.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it