Infantile Spasms in Remission May Reemerge as Intractable Epileptic Spasms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: West syndrome consists of infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia and is perceived as a disorder of infants. METHODS: We describe 10 patients with West syndrome with spasms that remitted, started again, and persisted (followed up for 8-25 years). RESULTS: In all, West syndrome developed at younger than 17 months (five cryptogenic, six symptomatic). With initial treatment, spasms completely stopped for 4.5 months to 6 years, when epileptic spasms returned. Recurrent spasms were typical with brief arm extension, eye elevation, and head drop without falling. Spasms lasted 2-6 s in rhythmic strings over 20- to 60-min periods and occurred daily throughout follow-up. Persistent spasms were particularly troublesome, because of incontinence in one and postictal confusion in several. During the string of spasms, most refused to interact, and several would wander off. Up to 15 antiepileptic drugs did not render any patient spasm free. Only two had persistent spasms as the only seizure type; six also had intractable complex partial seizures, and three had occasional grand mal convulsions. Interictal EEGs showed multifocal spikes. Ictal recordings in six showed electrodecremental events. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent spasms after remission of West syndrome represent an extremely resistant, distressing form of epilepsy. The onset of West syndrome is age related, but it does not reliably vanish.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".