Carboxylesterase 3 (EC 3.1.1.1) Is a Major Adipocyte Lipase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrolysis of triglycerides is central to energy homeostasis in white adipose tissue (WAT). Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was previously felt to mediate all lipolysis in WAT. Surprisingly, HSL-deficient mice show active HSL-independent lipolysis, suggesting that other lipase(s) also mediate triglyceride hydrolysis. To clarify this, we used functional proteomics to detect non-HSL lipase(s) in mouse WAT. After cell fractionation of intraabdominal WAT, most non-HSL neutral lipase activity is localized in the 100,000 x g infranatant and fat cake fractions. By oleic acid-linked agarose chromatography of infranatant followed by elution in a 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid gradient, we identified two peaks of esterase activity using p-nitrophenyl butyrate as a substrate. One of the peaks contained most of the lipase activity. In the corresponding fractions, gel permeation chromatography and SDS-PAGE, followed by tandem mass spectrometric analysis of excised Coomassie Blue-stained peptides, revealed carboxylesterase 3 (triacylglycerol hydrolase (TGH); EC 3.1.1.1). TGH is also the principle lipase of WAT fat cake extracts. Partially purified WAT TGH had lipase activity as well as lesser but detectable neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity. Western blotting of subcellular fractions of WAT and confocal microscopy of fibroblasts following in vitro adipocytic differentiation are consistent with a distribution of TGH to endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, and the lipid droplet. TGH is responsible for a major part of non-HSL lipase activity in WAT in vitro and may mediate some or all HSL-independent lipolysis in adipocytes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".