Bibliographic record
Abstract
We analyze the physical parameters of interstellar filaments that we describe by an idealized model of isothermal self-gravitating infinite cylinder in pressure equilibrium with the ambient medium. Their gravitational state is characterized by the ratio fcyl of their mass line density to the maximum possible value for a cylinder in a vacuum. Equilibrium solutions exist only for fcyl < 1. This ratio is used in providing analytical expressions for the central density, the radius, the profile of the column density, the column density through the cloud centre, and the FWHM. The dependence of the physical properties on external pressure and temperature is discussed and directly compared to the case of pressure-confined isothermal self-gravitating spheres. Comparison with recent observations of the FWHM and the central column density NH(0) show good agreement and suggest a filament temperature of ~10 K and an external pressure in the range 1.5 × 104 K cm-3 to 5 × 104 K cm-3. Stability considerations indicate that interstellar filaments become increasingly gravitationally unstable with mass line ratio fcyl approaching unity. For intermediate fcyl > 0.5 the instabilities should promote core formation through compression, with a separation of about five times the FWHM. We discuss the nature of filaments with high mass line densities and their relevance to gravitational fragmentation and star formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".