Behaviour of Guyed Transmission Line Structures under Tornado Wind Loads—Case Studies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most wind-related transmission line failures have been attributed to high intensity wind (HIW) events in the form of tornados and downbursts. In the current study, a numerical model is developed to investigate the performance of two guyed transmission lines under tornado wind loads. The F2 tornado wind field used in the study is based on a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis that was developed and validated in previous studies. The tornado wind forces are calculated and are then incorporated into a three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element model that simulates both the towers and the conductors. The study investigates the effect of tornado loads on the structural performance of the two different guyed transmission line systems. The tornado locations leading to maximum internal forces in various members of the towers are identified and are considered as critical load cases. The nonlinear numerical model is then extended to study the progressive failure of the two transmission lines under the critical tornado load cases by varying the velocity of the tornado wind fields incrementally. The velocities at which a total collapse is predicted are identified for both towers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".