Plasmid-Mediated Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains Isolated From Female Sex Workers in North Sumatra, Indonesia, 1996
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Background Sentinel surveillance of the antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from female sex workers in North Sumatra, Indonesia, has been carried out since 1975. In 1996 a high prevalence of N gonorrhoeae strains with plasmid-mediated resistance to tetracycline and penicillin was observed. Goal The goal was to further characterize N gonorrhoeae strains isolated from a core group of patients in Indonesia with sexually transmitted infections in 1996. Study Design The strains were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, plasmid analysis, subtype of the tetM determinant, and analysis of genomic DNA by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results A total 161 N gonorrhoeae strains obtained from 592 female sex workers in 10 different places in North Sumatra, Indonesia, in 1996 were investigated. All strains exhibited plasmid-mediated resistance to penicillin (PPNG: penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae) and/or tetracycline (TRNG: tetracycline-resistant N gonorrhoeae); 115 strains were PPNG/TRNG (71%), 45 were TRNG (28%), and 1 was PPNG. All strains were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, and spectinomycin. All PPNG strains tested carried the 7.2-kb (Asian type) plasmid except one, which carried the 4.9-kb (Toronto type) plasmid. All TRNG strains except one contained the Dutch-type tetM gene. PFGE analysis of 156 N gonorrhoeae strains documented that a diversity of strains existed and that certain genotypes had spread in a defined area or between different areas in North Sumatra. Conclusion Our results underline the importance of continuous surveillance of the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance of N gonorrhoeae in high-risk populations. A high rate of plasmid-mediated tetracycline and penicillin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in 1996 from female sex workers in North Sumatra, Indonesia, was documented.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".