An overview of the Lagrangian experiments undertaken during the North Atlantic regional Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-2)
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the primary aims of the North Atlantic regional Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-2) was to quantify the physical and chemical processes affecting the evolution of the major aerosol types over the North Atlantic. The best, practical way of doing this is in a Lagrangian framework where a parcel of air is sampled over several tens of hours and its physical and chemical properties are intensively measured. During the intensive observational phase of ACE-2, between 15 June 1997 and 24 July 1997, 3 cloudy Lagrangian experiments and 3 cloud-free, Lagrangian experiments were undertaken between the south west tip of the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands. This paper gives an overview of the aims and logistics of all of the Lagrangian experiments and compares and contrasts them to provide a framework for the more focused Lagrangian papers in this issue and future process modelling studies and parametrisation development. The characteristics of the cloudy Lagrangian experiments were remarkably different, enabling a wide range of different physical and chemical processes to be studied. In the 1st Lagrangian, a clean maritime air mass was sampled in which salt particle production, due to increased wind speed, dominated the change in the accumulation mode concentrations. In the 2nd Lagrangian, extensive cloud cover resulted in cloud processing of the aerosol in a polluted air mass, and entrainment of air from the free troposphere influenced the overall decrease in aerosol concentrations in the marine boundary layer (MBL). Very little change in aerosol characteristics was measured in the 3rd Lagrangian, where the pollution in the MBL was continually being topped up by entraining air from a residual continental boundary layer (CBL) above. From the analysis of all the Lagrangian experiments, it has been possible to formulate, and present here, a generalised description of a European continental outbreak of pollution over the sub-tropical North Atlantic.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it