‘A diploma and a descendant!’ Premarital sexuality, education and politics among Dani university students in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Indonesia, the notion of ‘study first’ (kuliah dulu) pressures young adults to refrain from sex and delay marriage until they finish tertiary education. Recent scholarship has viewed choices to abstain from sex as evidence of the potency of values of modernisation, Islamic culture and the contemporary importance of moral and social order. By looking at how Dani university students from Papua, the country's easternmost province, view premarital sex and pregnancy while studying in North Sulawesi, this article shows that the moral regulation of reproductive and educational aspirations invokes defensive reactions among indigenous men and women experiencing stigma and discrimination from local Indonesians. Qualitative interview results and case studies of pregnancy offer insights into the ways that indigenous men and women respond to racial stigma with a political interpretation of sexuality and pregnancy by arguing that education and reproductive achievements make vital contributions to indigenous agendas. In particular, practices of unofficial ‘marriage’ supported men's and women's need to defend themselves against stigmatisation, and enabled some women to feel positive about premarital pregnancies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".