ESR study of samarium doped fluorophosphate glasses for high-dose, high-resolution dosimetry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have studied the effect of samarium doping concentration and thermal annealing on X-ray induced defect centers, including phosphorus-oxygen hole and electron centers (POHC and POEC), in Sm3+-doped fluorophosphate glasses towards developing a potential high-dose, high-resolution detector for microbeam radiation therapy. ESR measurements show that defect center formation is suppressed by increasing the Sm-dopant concentration with POECs more strongly influenced than POHCs. This can be explained by a model based on the competition between defect center formations and Sm3+ ⇆ Sm2+ interconversion. Thermal annealing at increasing moderate temperatures (TA = 100−300 °C) reduces the POHC related ESR and induced absorbance bands while those of POEC continue to survive. ESR measurements over a wider range show the trace of a very broad ESR signal in samples containing Sm2+ ions including those annealed at temperatures between 350 °C and glass transition temperature (Tg ≈ 460 °C). Finally, thermal annealing at 550 °C (> Tg) totally erases all the ESR signals and restores the sample to its original unirradiated state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".