Plant genotype and induced responses affect resistance to herbivores on evening primrose ( <i>Oenothera biennis</i> )
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. 1. Although both genotype and induced responses affect a plant's resistance to herbivores, little is known about their relative and interactive effects. This study examined how plant genotype of a native plant ( Oenothera biennis ) and induced plant responses to herbivory affect resistance to, and interactions among, several herbivores. 2. In a field experiment, genetic and environmental variation among habitats led to variation in the amount of early season damage and plant quality. The pattern of variation in early season infestation by spittlebugs ( Philaenus spumarius , a piercing–sucking herbivore) negatively correlated with oviposition preference by a later feeding specialist weevil ( Tyloderma foveolatum , a leaf‐chewer). 3. To determine if plant genotype and induced responses to herbivory might be responsible for these field patterns, we performed no‐choice and choice bioassays using four genotypes of O. biennis that varied in resistance. Plants were induced by either spittlebugs or weevils and assays measured the responses of the same specialist weevil as well as a generalist caterpillar ( Spodoptera exigua ). 4. Resistance to adult weevils was largely unaffected by plant genotype, while they experienced induced resistance following damage by conspecific weevils in no‐choice assays. Caterpillars were more strongly affected by plant genotype than induced responses in both no‐choice and choice assays, but they also fed less and experienced higher mortality on plants previously damaged by weevils. In contrast to the pattern suggested by the field experiment, spittlebugs did consistently induce resistance against either weevils or caterpillars in the bioassay experiment. 5. These results support recent findings that show herbivore species can compete via induced plant responses. Additionally, a quantitative review of the literature demonstrates that plant genotype tends to be more important than interspecific competition among herbivores (plant‐mediated or otherwise) in affecting herbivore preference and performance.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it