Variability of cloud microphysical and optical parameters obtained from aircraft and satellite remote sensing measurements during RACE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Observations of low stratiform clouds made during the Radiation, Aerosol and Cloud Experiment (RACE) over the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, on 15 August 1995, and central Ontario on 4 October 1995 were used in this study. Aircraft, LAND Resources SATellite System (LANDSAT) and the Center for Atmospheric Research Experiments (CARE) lidar observations are used to obtain effective radius ( r eff ), droplet number concentration ( N d ) and cloud optical thickness (τ). Radiation observations with 28.5 m resolution from the Thematic Mapper (TM) on LANDSAT were used. The 10.4–12.5 µm infrared channel with a field of view of 114 m was used for the blackbody temperature calculation. Comparisons are made between clouds over the Ontario region, representing clouds over the land and over the Bay of Fundy, representing clouds over the ocean. Results of the aircraft observations show that the leg averaged N d , liquid water content (LWC) and r eff over land were about 147±73 cm −3 , 0.21±0.11 g m −3 and 7.7±1.7 µm, respectively. Corresponding parameters for the clouds over the ocean were approximately 61±34 cm −3 , 0.12±0.07 g m −3 and 13.8±3 µm, respectively. The mean measured visible extinction coefficient (σ ext ) was about 55±15 km −1 for all cases, and it was a strong function of both LWC and N d . The horizontal variability in both aircraft and LANDSAT observations indicate the need to address inhomogeneity in the sub‐grid scales of models. Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".