Performance Comparison of Spatial Modulation Detectors under Channel Impairments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spatial modulation (SM) is a multiple antenna transmission approach that uses the index of the transmitting antenna for delivering information data. The choice on the transmitting antenna depends on the incoming bit sequence and has a random nature. The receiver estimates the transmitted symbol and the active transmit antenna index and uses both estimations to retrieve the original information bits. For best reception, individual channel links between transmit and receive antenna pairs must be unique. In fact, correct reception totally depends on the uniqueness of channel coefficients. Incorrectly interpreting channel state information at the receiver causes the BER performance to degrade and the detection to fall short. In this paper, we develop a channel model that incorporates both correlated and imperfect channel state information and use this model to study the bit-error-ratio (BER) performance of most widely used SM detectors, namely the minimum mean square error, the maximum likelihood and the optimum detector in flat Rayleigh fading channels to examine the sensitivity these detectors exhibit to the presence of either channel correlation or imperfect channel state information. The capacity of SM system is studied in comparison to other multiple-input multiple-output techniques and the influence of channel impairments on the overall system capacity is observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".