Statins are associated with a reduced risk of bone fracture in hemodialysis (HD) patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study reported a statistically non-significant protective effect of HMG-co reductase inhibitors (statins) on bone fracture risk in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We sought to determine whether statin exposure was associated with reduced risk of bone fracture in our HD population. This was a retrospective cohort study of 174 prevalent HD patients. Fracture data are abstracted from the medical record. Subjects were considered to be on a statin if they were exposed at any time since the date of dialysis initiation. The subjects were 174 HD patients (68.4% male) with a median age of 69.1 and age range from 25.2 to 96.3 years. The median age at initiation of HD was 62.5, ranging from 15.2 to 90.5 years. The mean (SD) dialysis vintage was 7.3 (4.5) years. Seventy-seven subjects (44.3%) had statin exposure. There were a total of 54 first bone fractures. There was a positive correlation between bone fracture and dialysis vintage (p=0.023) and a negative association between bone fracture and statin exposure (p=0.044). Those with statin exposure had a higher prevalence of CAD (p=0.030) compared with those not exposed. Logistic regression analysis (stepwise, alpha=0.05) was performed with dependent variable bone fracture and independent variables age at HD initiation (forced), dialysis vintage, gender (forced), prednisone use (forced), and statin exposure. The significant predictors of bone fracture (R2=0.14, p=0.004) were age at HD initiation (p=0.016), dialysis vintage (p=0.007), and absence of statin exposure (p=0.019). Statin exposure appears to be associated with a reduced frequency of bone fracture in HD patients. Future studies evaluating the potential anabolic effect of statins on bone are required.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".