A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Selective Sulphidation of Nickel from a Nickeliferous Lateritic Ore
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The production of a nickel sulphide concentrate through selective sulphidation of a nickeliferous lateritic ore at temperatures lower than current smelting temperatures, is being studied as a potential production method for upgrading lateritic ores. The ability to produce such a nickel sulphide concentrate at economically attractive grades, while achieving reasonable nickel recoveries, relies on the conversion of the maximum amount of nickel oxide to sulphide, while minimizing the amount of iron sulphide. This paper examines the thermodynamic basis for this selective sulphidation. The analysis includes both pure component equilibrium as well as various solid and liquid solution phases, which are anticipated to set limits on the maximum achievable grade/recovery combinations. Thermodynamic calculations show that, for high iron limonitic ores, grades of up to 20 to 25 mass percent nickel should be possible, while maintaining recoveries of greater than 80 percent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".