Orbital Leiomyoma: Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical Findings of a Rare Tumor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 51-year-old man was referred for evaluation of a right orbital hemangioma. Ophthalmologic examination was unremarkable except for 1 mm of proptosis OD. CT revealed a 10-mm lesion with evidence of growth from 6 to 10 mm within a year. The tumor did not compromise other orbital structures. An excisional biopsy was performed. On the basis of the histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings, the diagnosis of orbital leiomyoma was established. Orbital leiomyoma is a slow-growing tumor that can be located anywhere in the orbit. Posterior tumors are believed to originate from smooth muscle cells of vessel walls; anterior lesions may arise from the capsulopalpebral or Müller muscle. Although there are no unique features that help the radiologist to exclude other benign lesions of the orbit, the histopathologic diagnosis using immunohistochemical markers is usually straightforward. Attention to the cytologic features that exclude the malignant variant is of utmost relevance for proper diagnosis and patient counseling.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".