PAHs, PCBs, PCNs, Organochlorine Pesticides, Synthetic Musks, and Polychlorinated <i>n</i>-Alkanes in U.K. Sewage Sludge: Survey Results and Implications
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A survey of the digested sludge from 14 U.K. wastewater treatment plants was carried out to obtain contemporary U.K. data on the concentrations of certain classes of persistent organic compounds for which data are scarce and to assess whether U.K. sludge was likely to comply with the sludge limits for PCBs and PAHs proposed by the European Union. Total PAH (24 compounds) concentrations ranged from 67 to 370 mg/kg dw, in line with data from other countries; all the samples would exceed the proposed EU limit. Total PCB concentrations were 110-440 microg/kg dw, well below the proposed EU limit. Total PCN concentrations ranged from 50 to 190 microg/kg. Total synthetic musk concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 86 mg/kg dw; there were a few very high concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in the samples. Total concentrations of the short- and medium-chained polychlorinated alkanes ranged between 7 and 200 mg/kg and between 30 and 9700 mg/kg, respectively. These very high concentrations are indicative of chemicals with numerous and ongoing diffuse sources.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it