La Constitution canadienne et la réglementation des relations économiques internationales au sortir du « Tokyo Round »
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following the conclusion of the recent multilateral trade negotiations under the auspices of G.A.T.T. (Tokyo Round), a number of agreements have been concluded in the field of non-tariff measures that may well give, in the future, a new impetus to the exercise of the federal power over "trade and commerce". Indeed, there appears to be a growing tendency, both at the international level and in our constitutional law, to recognize that international economic relations start and end with internal economic considerations. The importance of this development has not escaped the attention of the provinces which, in recent years, have attempted in various ways to promote their interest at the international level, while claiming, at the same time, a greater input in the formulation of the national economic policy. The object of this paper is to take a global look at this development. In conclusion, it suggests that both the federal government and the provinces should accept that international trade regulation, as a subject of national concern, is inseparable from the regulation of the internal economy, and as such should be considered as a question of mutual interest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".