On-Line Measurements of Engine Oil Aeration by X-Ray Absorption
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The oil aeration in a V-6 spark-ignition passenger car engine under motoring condition was measured by the X-ray absorption method in the speed range of 2000–6000 rpm. Measurements were made at different locations in the sump representing the state of the oil at (1) the pump inlet, (2) the head return, and (3) the timing chain return. The aeration of the block return was estimated from these measurements. At a fixed engine speed, the aeration (in % volume of air) of the head return and the chain return were about the same, and they were approximately twice the value found in the block return. This distribution did not change with engine speed. When weighted by the flow rate, however, the block return contributed to 55% of the aeration at the pump inlet; the total contribution of the head return and the chain return was 45% (36% from head return and 9% from chain return). Further aeration observations were made by comparing the cases with and without the oil sump windage tray in place. When the tray was removed, aeration at the pump inlet was found to increase by less than 30% for all speeds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".