Characterization of <i>Phomopsis</i> spp. Infecting Grapevines in the Great Lakes Region of North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seventy-five isolates of Phomopsis were obtained from grapes (Vitis spp.) with Phomopsis cane and leaf spot symptoms in Ohio, Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Ontario (Canada). Four isolates from California and one from Europe were also included in the study. Isolates were grouped on the basis of DNA sequences from intron regions in the translation elongation factor 1-α and calmodulin genes. According to DNA sequence comparisons with the type isolate, all isolates except two (OH-48 and CAL-5) were determined to be P. viticola, confirming the etiology of this disease in the Great Lakes region. Thirty representative isolates were evaluated for mycelial growth rate in vitro, conidial size, and pathogenicity on grapevine (Vitis interspecific hybrid 'Seyval') leaves and internodes. A subsample of 13 isolates was also evaluated for pathogenicity on fruit and rachises. All isolates of P. viticola caused disease on grape but differed in virulence. Among P. viticola isolates, virulence on leaves and internodes was positively correlated, and virulence on fruit and rachises was positively correlated, but there was no relationship between ratings on vegetative versus reproductive grape tissues. Some isolates that were not virulent on leaves or internodes were highly virulent on fruit and rachises and vice versa, indicating some specialization with respect to host tissues. However, differences were mostly of a quantitative nature, which makes it difficult if not impossible to assign biotypes. Among P. viticola isolates, virulence on fruit and rachises was positively correlated with mycelial growth rate in vitro. For the two isolates that were not P. viticola, the internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced for identification purposes. Based on the best match available in GenBank, CAL-5 was determined to be close to Diaporthe phaseolorum, while the sequence of OH-48 matched that of Phomopsis sp. from Eucommia ulmoides in China. Both isolates had shorter alpha conidia and significantly higher mycelial growth rates than the P. viticola isolates, and were not or only slightly pathogenic to Vitis interspecific hybrid 'Seyval'.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".