Non-destructive detection of lack of penetration defects in friction stir welds
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study focuses on the comparative investigation of different non-destructive inspection (NDI) techniques for detecting the lack of penetration discontinuities in butt joint friction stir (FS) welds. A variably sized lack of penetration has been introduced purposely by progressively changing the tool pin's length. While inspecting the weld from the discontinuity side provides results of higher sensitivity, service inspection of the FS welded components requires evaluation of the welding tool's side, opposite the defect containing one. Non-destructive techniques amenable for inspection from either the tool side or the far side of the weld are analysed, and results from inspection are presented for comparison. Subsequently, bending tests and metallographic examinations were employed to confirm the size of the lack of penetration defects and correlate these results with the NDI capabilities.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it