Risk Profile and Health Awareness in Male Offspring of Parents With Premature Coronary Heart Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The offspring of parents who suffer from premature coronary heart disease have a significantly higher risk of early cardiac death than controls. A genetic predisposition is compounded by a commonality of environmental risk factors within families. Increasing awareness, early detection and modification of risk factors are essential components of an effective public health strategy to protect this highly vulnerable population. METHODS: The sons (n = 571) of parents with premature coronary heart disease attended the Toronto Rehabilitation Centre for a risk factor evaluation that included an interview with questionnaire, measurement of body dimensions and blood lipids, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. A follow-up questionnaire was sent out 2 years after the evaluation. RESULTS: Despite concern about family history, 23% of subjects were smokers and 75% were inactive. Objective data confirmed a substantial prevalence of cardiac risk factors: less than optimal cardiovascular fitness (48%), overweight (34%), total cholesterol > or = 200 mg/dL (46%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < or = 35 mg/dL (26%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol > or = 160 mg/dL (16%), triglycerides > or = 200 mg/dL (27%), and lipoprotein (a) > 30 mg/dL (24%). Although almost all had a family physician whom they had seen an average of 1.8 times in the past year, and 4.7 times in the previous 3 years, screening and risk factor intervention strategies were disappointing. Two-year follow-up data showed a heightened health awareness, with a greater proportion of subjects exercising and attempting to maintain an appropriate body mass. CONCLUSIONS: The male offspring of parents who have suffered a premature coronary event exhibit a substantial prevalence of modifiable risk factors. The family physician can play an essential role in promoting a healthy lifestyle through risk reduction counselling and screening.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".