Uninterrupted Views: Real-Estate Advertising and Changing Perspectives on Coastal Property in New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper considers the landscape of coastal property in New Zealand through the lens of real-estate advertising. In analyzing a sample of 236 newspaper advertisements, it connects representations of coastal housing to broader concerns about the development of the coastline. Much public anxiety centres on the notion that coastal residential development and escalating property values signal private gain, but public loss. What is lost, it is claimed, is a landscape that is open, physically but also socially: the presence of imposing holiday homes detracts from the experience of going to the beach, and contributes to the unaffordability of staying at the beach. Such notions do not, of course, feature prominently in advertising. We find that views from private property over the coast are often prioritized in advertising, while the coast itself is typically portrayed as devoid of people. This invites viewers to place themselves in the image—as prospective property owners—and appeals to notions of going to the coast to secure privacy and opportunities for passive relaxation. Advertising for coastal real estate, we conclude, promotes a way of seeing the coastal landscape that is consistent with the ideology of enclosure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".