DIFFERENCE IN THE EFFECT OF COARSE PARTICULATE MATTER ON FIRST, SECOND AND OVERALL ADMISSIONS FOR RESPIRATORY DISEASE AMONG THE ELDERLY IN VANCOUVER, CANADA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ISEE-107 Purpose: To examine the difference in the effect of particulate matter on first, second, and overall hospital admissions for respiratory disease among the elderly. Methods: We studied 8,989 adults 65 years of age or older living in greater Vancouver, who were admitted to hospital for any acute respiratory disease (ICD-9 codes 460–519) during the period from June 1, 1995 to March 31, 1999. Time-series analysis was used to evaluate the association between respiratory admissions and daily measures of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM10–2.5) after adjustment for gaseous pollutants (CO, O3, NO2 and SO2) and meteorological variables. Results: Repeated admissions for respiratory disease were common among the elderly. Approximately 30 percent of the subjects were readmitted to hospital, and 9% had more than two admissions for respiratory disease during the 4-year study period. PM10–2.5 was significantly associated with the second and overall admissions for respiratory disease, but not with the first admission. The adjusted relative risks for an increment of 4.2 μg/m3 in 3-day average PM10–2.5 concentrations were 1.03 (95% confidence interval: 0.98–1.09) for first admission, 1.22 (1.10–1.36) for second admission, and 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) for overall admissions. There was no significant effect of PM2.5 on hospital admissions for respiratory disease among the elderly. Conclusions: Our data suggest that: 1) coarse particulate matter may be associated with exacerbations of respiratory conditions, rather than disease induction; 2) analysis based on overall hospital admissions tends to provide conservative relative risk estimates; and 3) PM10–2.5 has a larger effect on respiratory admissions than PM2.5.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".