Behaviour of steel single angles subjected to eccentric axial loads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The response of steel single angles subjected to axial eccentric loading is investigated by means of numerical modeling based on finite element techniques. Results show that in the case of eccentric compression causing major axis bending, a critical eccentricity for each slenderness ratio investigated exists and below this eccentricity, any reduction in the ultimate capacity due to eccentricity is marginal. The critical eccentricity increases with the slenderness ratio of the angle. In contrast, for the case of eccentric compression causing minor axis bending, the reduction in ultimate capacity, as affected by increasing eccentricity, is more pronounced and no similar critical eccentricity is identified. When compared with values determined from the design equations suggested in the AISC specification 2005, results indicate that the AISC equations, in general, give a satisfactory estimate of the ultimate capacity for angles subjected to axial compression and minor axis bending. For the case of eccentric compression causing major axis bending, AISC equations are conservative over a large range of parameters while they overestimate capacities in some other angles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".