Behaviour of steel single angles subjected to eccentric axial loads
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The response of steel single angles subjected to axial eccentric loading is investigated by means of numerical modeling based on finite element techniques. Results show that in the case of eccentric compression causing major axis bending, a critical eccentricity for each slenderness ratio investigated exists and below this eccentricity, any reduction in the ultimate capacity due to eccentricity is marginal. The critical eccentricity increases with the slenderness ratio of the angle. In contrast, for the case of eccentric compression causing minor axis bending, the reduction in ultimate capacity, as affected by increasing eccentricity, is more pronounced and no similar critical eccentricity is identified. When compared with values determined from the design equations suggested in the AISC specification 2005, results indicate that the AISC equations, in general, give a satisfactory estimate of the ultimate capacity for angles subjected to axial compression and minor axis bending. For the case of eccentric compression causing major axis bending, AISC equations are conservative over a large range of parameters while they overestimate capacities in some other angles.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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