EFFECTS OF REPLACING PANTS WITH SHORTS ON THE HEAT STRESS OF WEARING FIREFIGHTING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Firefighting protective clothing reduces heat transfer from the body and therefore heat stress is increased during exercise compared with the wearing of the station uniform. One option under consideration by several Fire Services to reduce this heat stress is to remove the station uniform pants (P) worn under the protective bunker clothing and replace them with shorts (S). PURPOSE It was the purpose of this study to examine whether replacing P with S would indeed reduce the heat stress during exercise in warm environments. METHODS Twenty-four Toronto Firefighters were allocated to one of four groups that performed heavy (H, 4.8 km/h, 5% grade), moderate (M, 4.5 km/h, 2.5% grade), light (L, 4.5 km/h) or very light (VL, 2.5 km/h) exercise while wearing their full protective ensemble and self-contained breathing apparatus. Subjects performed a familiarization trial followed by two experimental trials at 35°C and 50% relative humidity while wearing either P or S. RESULTS Replacing P with S had no impact on the rectal temperature (Tre) or heart rate response during heavy or moderate exercise where tolerance times were less than 1 hour (40.8 ± 5.8 and 53.5 ± 9.2 min for H and M, respectively while wearing P, and 43.5 ± 5.3 and 54.2 ± 8.4 min, respectively while wearing S). In contrast, as tolerance times were extended during lighter exercise Tre was reduced by as much as 0.4°C after 80 min of exercise while wearing S. Tolerance times were significantly increased from 65.8 ± 9.6 and 83.5 ± 11.6 min during L and VL, respectively while wearing P to 73.3 ± 8.4 and 97.0 ± 12.5 min, respectively while wearing S. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that replacing P with S under the firefighting protective bunker clothing would reduce the heat stress associated with wearing the protective ensemble and extend exposure times approximately 10–15% during light exercise. However, during heavier exercise where exposure times were less than 1 hour replacing P with S was of little benefit. Supported by the Province of Ontario Workplace Safety Insurance Board.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".