Infections of Unicauda clavicauda (Kudo, 1934) (Myxozoa) in the skin of Notropis hudsonius (Cyprinidae) from Montana, with a synopsis of the genus Unicauda Davis, 1944
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infections of Unicauda clavicauda (Kudo, 1920) Davis, 1944 (Myxozoa) are described from Notropis hudsonius (Clinton) in Montana. Plasmodia form beneath scales of the body and produced spores within a loosely-defined matrix. Fixed spores are oval in front view, 11-14 microm long and 9-10.5 microm wide, and contain a posterior appendage that is up to 26 microm long. The polar capsules are 4-6 microm long and 2.5-4 microm wide. The study represents the first report of U. clavicauda since the original species description and a new host and geographical record. The taxonomic history of Unicauda Davis, 1944 is summarised and it is concluded the following 10 species are valid members of the genus: U. aristichthydis Zhao et Ma, 1995, U. brachyura (Ward, 1919), U. caudatus (Gogebashvili, 1965), U. clavicauda, U. crassicauda (Kudo, 1934), U lumae Rahemo, 1976, U. macrura (Gurley, 1893), U. magna Minchew, 1981, U. pelteobagrus Ma, 1998, and U. wuhanensis Xiao et Chen, 1993. All of these species have circular, subcircular, or oval spores in frontal view and all parasitise fish of the superorder Ostariophysi. As a group they are known from temperate freshwater locations in North America, Europe and Asia. A list of 16 species described or transferred to Unicauda at one time or another, but not recognised as members of the genus in the present study, is provided.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".