Electrical and rheological percolation of polymer nanocomposites prepared with functionalized copper nanowires
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The morphological, electrical and rheological characterization of polystyrene nanocomposites containing copper nanowires (CuNWs) functionalized with 1-octanethiol is presented. Characterization by SEM and TEM shows that surface functionalization of the nanowires resulted in significant dispersion of CuNWs in the PS matrix. The electrical characterization of the nanocomposites indicates that functionalized CuNWs start to form electrically conductive networks at lower concentrations (0.25 vol% Cu) than using unfunctionalized CuNWs (0.5 vol% Cu). The organic coating on the nanowires prevents significant changes in the electrical resistivity in the vicinity of the percolation threshold. Percolated nanocomposites showed electrical resistivity in the range of 10(6)-10(7) Ω cm. The transition from liquid-like to solid-like behavior (rheological percolation) of the nanocomposites was studied using dynamic rheology at 200 °C. Unfunctionalized CuNWs result in electrical and rheological percolation at similar concentrations. Functionalized CuNWs show rheological percolation at higher concentration (1.0-2.0 vol%) than that required for electrical percolation. This is attributed to the decrease in the interfacial tension between nanowires and polymer chains and its effect on the viscoelastic behavior of the combined polymer-nanowire networks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".