SMA Dampers for Cable Vibration: An Available Solution for Oscillation Mitigation of Stayed Cables in Bridges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several solutions have been proposed to mitigate the vibrations of stay cables in bridges, which are subjected to wind, rain and traffic loads. One possible solution relates to the use of semi-active devices, such as the ones based on magneto-rheologic fluids. These devices need guaranteed electrical power, together with computational effort and technical attention. In contrast, shape memory alloy (SMA) wires were studied for application as passive elements. In the present work, the properties of SMA that are required to realize dampers provided with an appropriate reliability are discussed. In particular, the fatigue/fracture life of the SMA wires and the thermal effects induced by both external temperature and the self-heating process are studied. The SMA dampers were applied to stayed cables of realistic size and tested in "facilities." Namely, the cables No 1 of 45 m length available at the ELSA-JRC in Ispra, Italy, and the 50 m cable of IFSTTAR near Nantes, in France, were considered. The experimental results establish a reduction of the vibration amplitude to one half or less than the one observed in the un-damped case. Furthermore, the installation of the SMA dampers causes an increase of the cable frequency. Performing a Windowed Fourier Transform or a Wavelet Transform analysis the evolution of frequency with the signal amplitude was studied. The change of amplitude produces a change of stiffness in the SMA. The adoption of an appropriate phenomenological model of the hysteresis cycle permits to perform numerical simulations using standard Finite Elements Analysis tools such as, for instance, the ANSYS software.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".