Electronic structure of tin oxides by electron energy loss spectroscopy and real-space multiple scattering calculations
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electronic structure of the tin oxides SnO and $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is studied using the fine structure of the $\mathrm{Sn}\text{--}{M}_{4,5}$ and oxygen $K$-edges measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The experimental results are compared with real-space multiple scattering calculations. It is observed that both edges are overlapped. The calculations reveal that the observed fine structure is due largely to the oxygen states, and that it can be used to fingerprint each phase. The calculated densities of states are similar for both compounds and suggest a covalent nature. The structures appearing within the first $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ above the threshold arise from a covalent mixing of mainly O $2p$ and Sn $5s\text{\ensuremath{-}}p$. For SnO the oxygen edge is satisfactorily reproduced. Discrepancies in the predicted energy position of the features in the EELS of $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ are briefly discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it