Electronic structure of tin oxides by electron energy loss spectroscopy and real-space multiple scattering calculations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electronic structure of the tin oxides SnO and $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is studied using the fine structure of the $\mathrm{Sn}\text{--}{M}_{4,5}$ and oxygen $K$-edges measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The experimental results are compared with real-space multiple scattering calculations. It is observed that both edges are overlapped. The calculations reveal that the observed fine structure is due largely to the oxygen states, and that it can be used to fingerprint each phase. The calculated densities of states are similar for both compounds and suggest a covalent nature. The structures appearing within the first $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ above the threshold arise from a covalent mixing of mainly O $2p$ and Sn $5s\text{\ensuremath{-}}p$. For SnO the oxygen edge is satisfactorily reproduced. Discrepancies in the predicted energy position of the features in the EELS of $\mathrm{Sn}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ are briefly discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".