Problematic Alcohol Use, Trauma History, and PTSD Symptom Level: A Path Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: This study examined associations between multidimensional experiential avoidance, alcohol use motives, alcohol use, and alcohol-related consequences among individuals with a history of trauma and varying levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Methods: A total of 459 college students completed measures online, and the analysis sample was limited to the 313 participants who reported a past Criterion A traumatic event. These participants were separated into two groups based on DSM-IV TR diagnostic criteria: those with a high level of PTSD symptomatology (n = 34) and those with a low level of PTSD symptomatology (n = 279). A multi-group path model examined associations between experiential avoidance, drinking motives, alcohol use, and alcohol problems across these two groups. Results: The majority of participants were female (n = 192, 61.3%) and Caucasian (n = 281, 89.8%) and had a mean age of 19.37 (SD = 2.04). Two unique pathways to alcohol-related problems were observed. Among those with a high level of PTSD symptomatology, distress endurance (ability to behave effectively when under distress) was inversely associated with alcohol-related consequences via alcohol motives and use. For those with a low level of PTSD symptomatology, distress aversion (negative attitudes about, or lack of acceptance of, distress) was positively associated with alcohol-related consequences via alcohol motives and use. Conclusions: Results suggest unique pathways to alcohol consequences as a function of trauma symptom severity and may explain some of the comorbidity between PTSD and alcohol use disorders. Multidimensional indices of experiential avoidance may shed light on risk and resilience factors in PTSD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".