The Incidence Of Concussion In Male Canadian University Hockey Players
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the world of contact sport, ice hockey ranks among the top for incidence of concussion per player exposure. It has been estimated that sport-related concussions are significantly underreported. Until recently, sport-related concussion was not considered to be very dangerous. Recent increases in the number of studies that have focused on concussion in sport have shed new light on the importance of proper diagnosis and management. PURPOSE To determine the incidence of sport-related concussion and the demographics surrounding these injuries in male Canadian university hockey players. METHODS One hundred and twenty male university hockey players (age: 22.2±1.39 years) from seven teams in the Atlantic University Sport division of the CIS completed three forms pre-season: a medical history form, a concussion history form and a concussion details form. Each player was instructed to fill the forms out as completely and as honestly as possible listing each concussion, if any, they had received in their hockey careers. Players were instructed that all forms would be kept strictly confidential. RESULTS A total of 113 concussions were reported from 70 different players. In total, 58.3% of all players surveyed had been concussed at least once. Approximately 57.5% of the concussions occurred while the player was wearing a mouth piece and 51.3% of concussions resulted in a loss of consciousness. The average return-to-play (RTP) time post-concussion was 1.94 weeks (range: 15 minutes to 52 weeks). Goaltenders received the fewest number of concussions with 1 of 10 having a history of concussion. Forwards reported the highest number of concussion, with 63.2% having experienced at least one in their hockey career with a LOC occurring 56.8% the time and a RTP of 2.17 weeks. At least 48.8% of defensemen sustained a previous concussion with a LOC 42.1% of the time and a RTP time of 1.46 weeks. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the need to educate players, coaches, medical staff and hockey administration on the prevalence of concussion in varsity ice hockey.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".