Multimedia Modeling of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Emissions and Fate Indoors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We adapted an indoor multimedia fugacity model to consider emissions and fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and to understand the variability of indoor concentrations. The model was applied to an office in which an 80% decrease in PBDE air concentration was observed after an old computer was exchanged with a newer one. PBDE-impregnated polyurethane foam (PUF) and carpet were treated as pseudo-steady-state components with specified fugacities derived from measured concentrations of 173 and 2140 ng x g(-1), respectively. Emission rates of 35 and 5.4 ng x h(-1), for the old and new computers, respectively, were calculated using the pseudo-steady-state approach. Particle movement (deposition and resuspension) dominates within-room transport processes, and dust removal (vacuuming) and air advection (ventilation) are the main loss processes. The most sensitive parameters to air concentrations and estimated emission rates are room temperature, particle concentrations and deposition velocity, and air exchange rates. The air exchange rates and bouncing on PUF furniture can alter whether the PUF and carpet are sources or sinks of PBDEs. Model results suggest that exposure via air can be reduced by removing dust, having a high air exchange rate, and low indoor temperatures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".