Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (7-37) Augments Insulin Release in Elderly Patients With Diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a potent stimulator of glucose-induced insulin release (1). Unlike glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), GLP-1 augments insulin release in middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes (1) and is therefore a potentially promising agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We undertook the following experiments to determine whether the effects of GLP-1 on glucose-induced insulin release are preserved in elderly patients with diabetes. These studies were conducted on 8 elderly patients with diabetes (age 77 ± 1 years, BMI 28 ± 1 kg/m2). The mean duration of diabetes was 8 ± 1 years and mean HbA1c was 7.1 ± 0.2%. All subjects were free of clinically apparent microvascular, macrovascular, or neuropathic complications. Patients with hypertension were not excluded. Three of the subjects were treated with sulfonylurea drugs, and four were being treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for hypertension. All medications were stopped at least 2 weeks before the test. This study was approved by the Committee on Human Investigation at the University of British Columbia. All subjects gave written informed consent before participation. Each subject underwent two hyperglycemic clamp studies in random order, separated by at least 4 weeks (2 …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".