Seedborne infection affects anthracnose development in two dry bean cultivars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by the seedborne pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a serious disease of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) that can severely reduce seed yield and quality. A 2 year field study examined how seedborne infection (0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) affected seedling emergence, seedling infection, the buildup of anthracnose in the crop canopy, yield, seed mass, and seed discolouration in ‘Navigator’ navy bean and ‘AC Ole’ pinto bean. The incidence of seedling infection was significantly higher in ‘AC Ole’ than it was in ‘Navigator’ resulting in an early establishment of the disease on the pinto bean cultivar. There was a linear increase (P < 0.01) in anthracnose severity within the crop canopy and on the pods with higher rates of seedborne infection in both cultivars. Increases in seedborne infection rates also resulted in a significant decline (P < 0.01) in yield and seed mass. Comparisons of the 0% and the 20% seedborne treatments indicated that severe anthracnose development resulted in yield losses of 27% in ‘Navigator’ and 20% in ‘AC Ole’. These losses are comparable with the extent of yield reductions reported in a previous fungicidal study on anthracnose control in Manitoba. Key words: anthracnose, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, dry beans, Phaseolus vulgaris, seed transmission. L’anthracnose, causée l’agent pathogène séminicole Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, est une maladie importante des haricots secs qui peut sérieusement en réduire les rendements et la qualité. Une étude sur le terrain, qui s’est échelonnée sur deux ans, a permis d’examiner comment l’infection séminicole (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, 5 %, 10 % et 20 %) influençait l’émergence et l’infection des semis, la prolifération de l’anthracnose sur le feuillage des plants ainsi que le rendement, le poids et la décoloration des semences chez le cultivar de petit haricot blanc ‘Navigator’ et chez celui de haricot pinto ‘AC Ole’. L’incidence de l’infection des semis chez le cultivar ‘AC Ole’ était significativement plus élevée que chez ‘Navigator’, ce qui provoquait la survenue hâtive de la maladie chez le haricot pinto. Il y avait une augmentation linéaire (P < 0,01) quant à la gravité de l’anthracnose sur le feuillage ainsi que sur les cosses affichant des taux plus élevés d’infection séminicole, et ce, chez les deux cultivars. Des augmentations des taux d’infection séminicole entraînent également une baisse significative (P < 0,01) des rendements et du poids des semences. Des comparaisons des traitements séminicoles (0 % et 20 %) ont indiqué que la prolifération massive de l’anthracnose provoquait des baisses de rendement de 27 % chez ‘Navigator’ et de 20 % chez ‘AC Ole’. Ces baisses sont comparables à celles rapportées dans une étude précédente effectuée sur les fongicides et ayant pour but la lutte contre l’anthracnose au Manitoba. Mots-clés : anthracnose, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, haricots secs, Phaseolus vulgaris, transmission par semence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".