Effect of Depletion Rate on Gas Mobility and Solution Gas Drive in Heavy Oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Some heavy oil reservoirs in western Canada and Venezuela show anomalously high primary recovery under solution gas drive process. The pressure decline rate in these reservoirs is low compared to that expected under solution gas drive in conventional oil reservoirs. There is now increasing evidence that gas mobility is extremely low in these reservoirs. The objective of this study is to conduct solution gas drive experiments in a sandpack saturated with a heavy oil and examine the effect of depletion rate. Depletion rate was varied by more than two orders of magnitude. The results showed that gas mobility was a function of depletion rate and decreased with increasing depletion rate. Other notable observations were that supersaturation increased with depletion rate and that critical gas saturation was 3 to 4%, slightly increasing with increasing depletion rate. Interpretation of the results confirmed that gas mobility is quite low. Representation of the low mobilities using relative permeability required low values of the order of 10−5–10−4, which decreased with increasing depletion rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".