A 1V buck converter IC with hybrid current-mode control and a charge-pump DAC
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents an integrated dc-dc converter with an output voltage of 1 V for portable applications. A hybrid peak current-mode control-scheme is demonstrated, where the voltage-loop compensation is achieved in the digital domain, while the current-regulation loop has a more traditional analog implementation. The main contribution of this work is the novel DAC architecture, which was developed specifically to achieve fast transient-response without needing clock frequencies beyond f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> , or expensive signal processing. Unlike the previous approach, based on an adaptive DeltaSigma DAC, the charge-pump (CP) DAC is capable of rapidly increasing the current-command in a single-cycle during load-steps. In addition to a low steady-state current-consumption of 3 muA, the CP-DAC has a guaranteed monotonic transfer characteristic and simplifies the overall system architecture. The resulting system solution achieves dynamic response comparable to state-of-the-art analog current-mode solutions, without using a power-hungry controller, or quantizing the inductor current. A custom IC, which was fabricated in a 0.18 mum CMOS process with 5 V compatible transistors, achieves a response-time of 4 mus at f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> = 3 MHz and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> = 1 V, for a 200 mA load-step. The active area of the controller is only 0.077 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and the total controller current-draw, which is heavily dominated by the on-chip senseFET current-sensor, is below 0.5 % of the load current at I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> = 50 mA.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it