Polymorphisms in the nitric oxide synthase 1 gene are associated with severe chronic rhinosinusitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO), is a biological messenger molecule and a component of innate immunity, with important roles in the regulation of inflammation and in defense against bacterial biofilms. Polymorphisms in genes regulating NO production have the potential for a role in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms in genes regulating NO synthesis are associated with CRS. METHODS: An established population of 206 individuals with severe CRS and 196 postal code-matched controls was previously screened using a pooling genome-wide associations study to estimate allelic frequency. Genes regulating NO synthesis with a maximal probability of association were identified. High-probability single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs from the NO synthase (NOS1) and its ligand NOS1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP) genes were retained for individual genotyping. PLINK software was used to determine association. RESULTS: Sixteen SNPs were genotyped successfully with a genotype distribution in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Two SNPs for NOS1 (rs1483757 and rs9658281) were significantly associated with CRS, with a protective effect. The severe subphenotype showed stronger associations. Subgroup analysis for the presence of nasal polyps, origin, and gender did not influence strength of associations. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that polymorphisms in the NOS1 gene may play a role in the susceptibility to develop CRS. Study findings apply to patients with severe CRS, unresponsive to surgery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".