Human placental trophoblasts synthesize melatonin and express its receptors
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Full frame distilled prediction
Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
- Candidate categories
- none
- Consensus categories
- none
- Domain
- Candidate signal: noneConsensus signal: none
- Study design
- Candidate signal: Bench or experimentalConsensus signal: Bench or experimental
- Genre
- Candidate signal: EmpiricalConsensus signal: Empirical
- Teacher disagreement score
- 0.028
- Threshold uncertainty score
- 0.466
- Validation status
machine_predicted_unvalidated·codex-gemma-dda1882f352a
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.237 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
Although the role of melatonin on fetal development has been the subject of a number of studies, little is known about the function of melatonin in the placenta. We previously showed that melatonin receptors are expressed and are functional in JEG-3 and BeWo cell lines, both in vitro models of human trophoblast. Local synthesis of melatonin in placenta has been proposed, but the human placenta's ability to synthesize melatonin de novo has never been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression [reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis] and activity (radiometric assay) of melatonin synthesizing enzymes, and characterize the expression of the melatoninergic receptors in human term villous trophoblast. The results show that arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase melatonin synthesizing enzymes are expressed and active in villous trophoblast as well as in JEG-3 and BeWo placental choriocarcinoma cells. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of MT1, MT2, and retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha melatonin receptor proteins in both villous cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast (STB) as well as in endothelial cells surrounding the fetal capillaries and in the villous mesenchymal core. RT-PCR and western blot analysis in primary cultures of human term trophoblast confirmed the expression of all three melatonin receptors in villous cytotrophoblast and STB cells. This study demonstrates for the first time a local synthesis of melatonin and expression of its receptors in human trophoblasts and strongly suggests a paracrine, autocrine, and/or intracrine role for this indolamine in placental function and development as well as in protection from oxidative stress.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Journal of Pineal Research
- Topic
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Field
- Neuroscience
- Canadian institutions
- Université du Québec à MontréalInstitut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Funders
- not available
- Keywords
- CytotrophoblastMelatoninBiologySyncytiotrophoblastAutocrine signallingTrophoblastParacrine signallingMelatonin receptorPlacentaReceptorInternal medicineEndocrinologyPinealocytePineal glandFetusBiochemistryMedicine
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes