Accurate Density-Functional Calculation of Core-Electron Binding Energies of Some Substituted Benzenes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The core electron binding energies (CEBE's) of benzene, seven monosubstituted benzenes (Ph-X) and one disubstituted benzene (p-NH2-C6H4-NO2) were calculated using density-functional theory (DFT). The unrestricted generalized transition-state (uGTS) model was employed. The DeMon DFT program with a combined functional of Becke's exchange (B88) with Perdew's correlation (P86) was used. The average absolute deviation of the calculated CEBE's of the title compounds was 0.3 eV when the cc-pVDZ basis set was used. The ``CEBE shift'' of the ring carbon in Ph-X was calculated while taking the CEBE on the ring carbon in Ph-H as a reference. The thus-calculated CEBE shifts agree with experiment within the value of the average absolute deviation, 0.1 eV. The signs and quantitative numerical values of the CEBE shifts are very close to the corresponding Hammett σ constants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".