Experimental Study of Turbulent Flow in Two-Dimensional Porous Media
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper reports on an experimental investigation of turbulent flow through model two-dimensional porous media. The porous media was bounded on one side by a solid plane wall and on the other side by a zone of clear fluid. The model porous media comprised of square arrays of circular acrylic rods that were inserted into precision holes drilled onto pairs of removable plates. The removable plates were then inserted into groves made in the side walls of the test channel. The rods fill about 59% of the channel height. Different combinations of rod diameter and center-to-center spacing were used to produce solid volume fractions that ranged from 0.11 to 0.44. The Reynolds number based on the bulk velocity of the approach flow and channel height was 16800. A high resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used to conduct detailed velocity measurements within the porous media and the adjacent clear fluid. The results demonstrate that permeability of the porous medium is more useful in correlating the flow characteristics than the porosity or solid volume fraction. Irrespective of rod diameter or spacing, a decrease in permeability of the porous medium produced a lower value of the dimensionless slip velocity. A decrease in permeability also produced higher resistance to the fluid flow through the porous medium. As a result, a larger fraction of the approach flow is channeled through the clear zone adjacent to a porous medium with lower permeability than those with relatively higher permeability. It was also observed that spatially averaged profiles of the mean velocities and turbulent quantities depend strongly on permeability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".