Statistical maps of geomagnetic perturbations as a function of the interplanetary magnetic field
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mappings of geomagnetic perturbations are shown for different combinations of the solar wind velocity, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and dipole tilt angle (season). Average maps were derived separately for the northward, eastward, and vertical (downward) components of the geomagnetic disturbances, using spherical cap harmonics in least error fits of sorted measurements. The source data are obtained from 104 ground‐based magnetometer stations in the Northern Hemisphere at geomagnetic latitudes over 40° during the years 1998 through 2001. Contour maps of statistical fits are shown along‐side scatter plots of individual measurements in corrected geomagnetic apex coordinates. The patterns are consistent with previous mappings of ionospheric electric potential. Interestingly, the vertical component of the magnetic perturbations closely resembles maps of the overhead, field‐aligned currents, including the Northward IMF configuration. The maximum and minimum values from the statistical mappings are graphed to show their changes as a function of southward IMF magnitude, solar wind velocity, and seasons. It is expected that this work will lead to better advance predictions of the geomagnetic perturbations that are based on real‐time IMF measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".