Large-Scale Quantification of Wrinkles in a Smooth Black HDPE Geomembrane
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wrinkles are buckles or waves that develop from restrained thermal expansion when the geomembrane is left exposed to solar heating. Wrinkles can substantially reduce the effectiveness of the geomembrane as a hydraulic barrier if a hole is at or near a wrinkle, depending on the number, length, and width of wrinkles. Low altitude aerial photography and digital image analysis are used to quantify the nature and extent of wrinkles that developed over one hot and sunny day in a smooth, black, 1.5-mm-thick high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane over a 55 m by 140 m area. Wrinkles were found to significantly vary over the course of the day, increasing from the fewest wrinkles in the morning to a maximum just after noon before decreasing toward the late afternoon. For the specific conditions examined, wrinkles were found to occupy 3%, 21%, and 7% of the entire area surveyed at 8:45, 12:25, and 17:15, respectively. Connections between adjacent wrinkles were observed to create significant interconnected wrinkle features greater than 2,000 m long. The shortest maximum interconnected wrinkle feature of 80 m/ha was measured at 8:45 while the longest such feature was 6,600 m/ha at 13∶45. The observations and results provide data to support the approach that limiting the time of day when cover is placed on geomembrane can be effective at reducing the extent of wrinkling.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it