Microsporidian mitosomes retain elements of the general mitochondrial targeting system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microsporidia are intracellular parasites that infect a variety of animals, including humans. As highly specialized parasites, they are characterized by a number of unusual adaptations, many of which are manifested as extreme reduction at the molecular, biochemical, and cellular levels. One interesting aspect of reduction is the mitochondrion. Microsporidia were long considered to be amitochondriate, but recently a tiny mitochondrion-derived organelle called the mitosome was detected. The molecular function of this organelle remains poorly understood. The mitosome has no genome, so it must import all its proteins from the cytosol. In other fungi, the mitochondrial protein import machinery consists of a network series of heterooligomeric translocases and peptidases, but in microsporidia, only a few subunits of some of these complexes have been identified to date. Here, we look at targeting sequences of the microsporidian mitosomal import system and show that mitosomes do in some cases still use N-terminal and internal targeting sequences that are recognizable by import systems of mitochondria in yeast. Furthermore, we have examined the function of the inner membrane peptidase processing enzyme and demonstrate that mitosomal substrates of this enzyme are processed to mature proteins in one species with a simplified processing complex, Antonospora locustae. However, in Encephalitozoon cuniculi, the processing complex is lost altogether, and the preprotein substrate functions with the targeting leader still attached. This report provides direct evidence for presequencing processing in mitosomes and also shows how a complex molecular system has continued to degenerate throughout the evolution of microsporidia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".